As an r22 replacement, ra may be used in a wide range of. I will describe first the mollier diagram and then show the simple transformation that changes it into the psychrometric chart. The systems and equipment volume describes the actual equipment and the associated technical characteristics. Richard mollier was born in germany on 30 november in 1863. This selection of materials from the technical report archive and image library trail includes hardtofind reports published by various government agencies. Mollier diagram humidity applied and interdisciplinary.
The graph is bound by the line where complete saturation of air with water is achieved. Enthalpyentropy diagrams are presented for natural gasses of 0. Units is to present the various properties of water and steam in a most concise form. Use the mollier diagram to determine whether steam at 450c and 1 bar is saturated or superheated.
Mollier diagram easy to use simulation software, mollier diagram pro air treatment calculationssimulation. Most engineers understand the role units play in definition and verification of the engineering concepts, principles, equations and analytical techniques. An adiabatic turbine is fed 50 kgs steam at 20 bar and. Figure 12 shows portions of a mollier diagram mini projects in electrical engineering pdf developed by prediction methods described in later. Phase diagram of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates computed. The range of temperatures extends from the saturation line to 15, ooook and the range of densities, from 107 to approximately 200 amagats. Thermodynamics enthalpy entropy mollier and steam tables i. Many other substances, including methane, cycle this way too. Figure a9 ts diagram for water figure a10 mollier diagram for water table a11 saturated refrigerant4a. This has been a useful text for the students of mechanical engineering for more than 30 years. Based on the program allprops, center for applied thermodynamic studies, university of idaho. Natural gas is not a single component and a mollier diagram will probably not be available. The mollier is fine for teaching the thermo concepts.
A typical hs mollier diagram for a thermodynamic fluid such as steam is shown in figure 1. The mollier diagram is a variant of the psychrometric chart. Ethane challenges compressor design beta machinery. Chemical, physical and thermal properties of methane. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The mollier diagram uses different scales and curves to illustrate the state of the air. Figure a9e ts diagram for water figure a10emollier diagram for water. Co 2 mollier diagram pressureenthalpy diagram mollier chart in metric units excel file 569 kb. About the mollier chart diagram the mollier chart is also known as hs or hx. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Table a1e molar mass, gas constant, and criticalpoint properties table a2e idealgas specific heats of various common gases table a3e properties of common liquids, solids, and foods table a4e saturated watertemperature table table a5e saturated waterpressure table table a6e superheated water table a7e compressed liquid water table a8e saturated icewater vapor.
For reference and computational purposes, steam tables and mollier enthalpyentropy diagrams are included in appendix b. Air temperature t the vertical pink axis to the left with corresponding slightly slanting horizontal gridlines. For these two substances and for methane, ethylene and propylene pressureenthalpy diagrams and tables of saturation properties were calculated. The diagrams determine volume and enthalpy as a function. The mollier diagram is the european version of the angloamerican psychrometric chart. A series of enthalpyentropy charts for natural gases.
The term mollier diagram named after richard mollier, 18631935 refers to any diagram that features enthalpy on one of the coordinates. Appendix b properties of steam english units table b. The program has no restrictions or predefined processes so it is up to you to determine which process is physically possible. Oct 11, 2015 pressureenthalpy charts also called mollier charts available to download as a pdf or excel spreadsheet. Mollier chart for water in english units engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. Mollier chart of properties of ammonia, 1923 unt digital. Richard mollier the inventor of the mollier diagram. Air density is the specific gravity measured in kgm3. Calculations are performed using my zfactor addin for excel using the pengrobinson equation of state. Molecular monte carlo simulations are used to compute the threephase hydrateliquid watergas equilibrium lines of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates, using the transferable potentials for phase equilibria model for carbon dioxide, the united atom optimized potential for liquid simulations model for methane, and the tip4pice and tip4p2005 models for water. The lefthand side of the dome curve the 0% line represents the saturated liquid methane line while the righthand side of the. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. The bubble to the left is the portion of the diagram where.
Mollier charts for natural gas methane heat transfer. Mollier charts for natural gas methane mrpip electrical. Mollier diagram methane mollier diagram steam printable mollier diagram mollier diagram engineering. The constants of the bender equation of state were determined for ethane and propane. The amount of lng used for cool down is proportional to the surface to. The mollier diagram, also called the ix diagram, is based on the relationship. Page 1 the calculated properties include energy, enthalpy, entropy, specific heats, equilibrium constants for dissociation and lonization chemical composition, density, compressibility, and speed of sound in the analysis hydrogen is treated as a reacting gas mixture in which each component obeys the perfect gas equationofstate results are presented in tabular form and in the form of a. Phase diagram of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates. Read the air density by following the slanting orange lines in the diagram.
Enthalpy, entropy, mollier diagram and steam tables course no. Methane is used as feed stock to chemical industry and is the main constituent of the fuel natural gas. The mollier diagram, shown in figure a1, is a chart on which enthalpy h versus entropy s is plotted. Enthalpyentropy mollier diagram for steam mechanical pe exam. With this kind of accurate thermo data, i would advise anyone to use this free service rather than rely on a mollier diagram. Where the letter h stands for enthalpy and the x or s for the relative water vapor fraction. The diagram was created in 1904, when richard mollier plotted the total heat against entropy. First it has to be reflected in a vertical mirror, then rotated 90 degrees. They are identical in content but not in appearance. From the mollier chart the enthalpy of the moist air is approximately.
In order to clearly describe and understand how air changes state when we cool and heat it, we use a mollier diagram. The methane cycle this diagram of the methane cycle illustrates the flow of methane from sources into the atmosphere, as well as the sinks that consume methane most people have heard of the water cycle, in which water evaporates into the air, returns to earth and then evaporates again. Figure 5 is a mollier diagram for ethane, with the firstand secondstage operating points shown. For a single component fluid, such as methane, a mollier diagram, such as figure 47, can be used to calculate temperature drop directly. On this line, the saturation line, air contains the. Transform between mollier diagram and psychrometric chart.
This chapter describes the basic processes, for example, how to apply the mollier diagram as a basic tool in heatexchanger design. The psychrometric chart is a variant of the mollier diagram used in some parts of the world. Pressureenthalpy chart methane isotherms constentropy. Mollier s hs diagram enthalpy v entropy was a logical extension of the ts diagram temperature v entropy first proposed by gibbs, retaining the advantages of ts diagrams but introducing several new advantages. Mollier diagram form covering the temperature range of 30k. Thereafter, he was a professor at dresden university where he was the first to make a graphic display of the relationship between temperature.
Commonly used mollier diagrams are the enthalpyentropy or hs diagram below and the pressureenthalpy diagram illustrated at the bottom of this page. Thermodynamic properties and mollier chart for hydrogen from. Find the enthalpy of wet steam at 18 bar with dryness fraction x 0. R22 is a typical refrigerant currently used in heatcraft refrigeration products llcs. The lefthand side of the dome curve the 0% line represents the saturated liquid methane line while the righthand side of the dome the 100% line is the saturated vapor line. Tables 1 presents the test conditions applied for r22 and r1270. Mollier charts mollier charts pressureenthalpy with constant temperature, density and entropy lines mollier diagram is a graphical representation of the thermodynamic properties and states of materials involving enthalpy on one of the coordinates. Additional corrections are required for ethane in this region to accurately calculate kelly eberle michael j. Title cygdrivesproducts mollier diagrams methane a1sizedata. Ethane pressureenthalpy diagram sspecific entropy, kjkgk ttemperature.
It is sometimes known as the hs diagram and has an entirely different shape from the ts diagrams. Drawn with steamtab using the iapwsif97 formulation. A mollier diagram for air, including the effects of dissociation and ionization, as well as of intermolecular potentials to the second virial correction. Therefore, most thermodynamic concepts, principles and computational. The process transforming a mollier diagram to a psychrometric chart is shown below. The thermophysical properties of methane, from 90 to 500. Pressureenthalpy diagrams for methane, ethane, propane. The state of air with dry bulb temperature 21 oc and relative humidity 50% is indicated in the moliier chart below.
Table and mollier chart of the thermodynamic properties of 1, 3. The amount of lng used for cool down is proportional to the surface to be cooled down. Mollier diagram is a graphical representation of the thermodynamic properties. Enthalpy entropy hs or mollier diagram engineers edge. Thermodynamic diagrams have been developed for methane and ethane. Chapter 4 covers the physical fundamentals of the airhandling processes, for example, how to construct the mollier diagram. Look at the methane mollier diagram and identify the dome curve that represents the saturated conditions of methane.